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The crime rate in the United Arab Emirates is relatively low〔(United Arab Emirates ) Government of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade〕〔(United Arab Emirates )〕 compared to more highly industrialized nations.〔 Incidents of petty crime such as pickpocketing are low.〔 The United States Department of State states: "Crime generally is not a problem for travelers in the UAE. However, the U.S. Embassy advises U.S. citizens to take normal precautions against theft, such as not leaving a wallet, purse, or credit card unattended. Although vehicle break-ins in the UAE are rare, U.S. citizens are encouraged to ensure that unattended vehicles are locked and that valuables are not left out in plain sight".〔(United Arab Emirates ) United States Department of State〕 Sharia law is a significant part of UAE legislation, therefore flogging and stoning are legal punishments in the UAE. UAE incorporates hudud crimes of Sharia in its Penal Code, thus apostasy is a crime punishable by death in the UAE. Homosexuality is also a crime punishable by death in the UAE, although there have not been any cases of capital punishment being carried out on those convicted of homosexuality. ==Sharia law== The UAE's judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law. The court system consists of civil courts and Sharia courts. According to Human Rights Watch, UAE's civil and criminal courts apply elements of Sharia law, codified into its criminal code and family law, in a way which discriminates against women. Flogging and stoning are legal punishments in the UAE. Flogging is a punishment for criminal offences such as adultery, premarital sex and alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2013 Human Rights Reports: United Arab Emirates )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: United Arab Emirates )〕 Due to Sharia courts, flogging is legal with sentences ranging from 80 to 200 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE: Judicial corporal punishment by flogging )〕 Between 2007 and 2014, many people in the UAE were sentenced to 100 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pregnant maid to get 100 lashes after being found guilty of illegal affair )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Gulf Daily News )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Illicit lovers sentenced to 100 lashes each )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Two women sentenced to death for adultery )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prison for couple who conceived outside of wedlock )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Adulterer to be lashed, jailed in Sharjah )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE – Amnesty International 2007 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DUBAI: Alleged victim of gang rape sentenced to one year in prison )〕 In Abu Dhabi, people have been sentenced to 80 lashes for kissing in public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Couple deny kissing on Abu Dhabi Corniche )〕 Verbal abuse pertaining to a person's sexual honour is illegal and punishable by 80 lashes. In January 2014, an expat in Abu Dhabi was sentenced to 80 lashes and 10 years in prison for alcohol consumption and raping a toddler.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Drunk worker rapes 2-year-old girl in Abu Dhabi )〕 Alcohol consumption for Muslims is illegal and punishable by 80 lashes, many Muslims have been sentenced to 80 lashes for alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Man to get 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Ajman )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Man appeals 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Abu Dhabi )〕 80 lashes is the standard amount for anyone sentenced to flogging in some emirates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Motorist sentenced to 80 lashes for drink driving )〕 Sometimes 40 lashes are given. Illicit sex is sometimes penalized by 60 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Girl to receive 60 lashes for illicit sex )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Two sex workers are sentenced to lashes )〕 Sharia courts have penalized domestic workers with floggings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=VI. Charges and Penalties against Domestic Workers )〕 In October 2013, a Filipino housemaid was sentenced to 100 lashes for illegitimate pregnancy. Drunk-driving is strictly illegal and punishable by 80 lashes, many expats have been sentenced to 80 lashes for drunk-driving.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swaying car exposes Fujairah drunk driver )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Motorist sentenced to 80 lashes for drink driving )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Drink-drive student to get 80 lashes )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Drink driver sentenced to 80 lashes )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=4 years and 80 lashes for drug addict )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=80 lashes, jail for drink-driving upheld )〕 Under UAE law, premarital sex is punishable by 100 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning )〕 Stoning is a legal punishment in the UAE. In May 2014, an Asian housemaid was sentenced to death by stoning in Abu Dhabi, although a judicial official notes, "Abu Dhabi Criminal Court has previously sentenced defendants in similar cases to death by stoning, but the sentences were never carried out". In 2006, an expatriate was sentenced to death by stoning for committing adultery.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UAE: Death by stoning/ flogging )〕 Between 2009 and 2013, several people were sentenced to death by stoning.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning )〕 Abortion is illegal and punishable by a maximum penalty of 100 lashes and up to five years in prison.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hotel executive who had abortion gets jail term )〕 In recent years, several people have retracted their guilty plea in illicit sex cases after being sentenced to stoning or 100 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=“Change plea or you’ll be stoned”: Husband who admits cheating given legal advice by judge )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=To avoid 100 lashes and prison, woman retracts plea in sex case )〕 The punishment for committing adultery is 100 lashes for unmarried people and stoning to death for married people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lawyer urges acquittal of woman on zina charges )〕 Sharia law dictates the personal status law, which regulate matters such as marriage, divorce and child custody. The Sharia-based personal status law is applied to Muslims and sometimes non-Muslims.〔 Non-Muslim expatriates are liable to Sharia rulings on marriage, divorce and child custody.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Britons 'liable to Sharia divorces' in UAE )〕 Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction to hear family disputes, including matters involving divorce, inheritances, child custody, child abuse and guardianship of minors. Sharia courts may also hear appeals of certain criminal cases including rape, robbery, driving under the influence of alcohol and related crimes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dubai.usconsulate.gov/emergency_uae_court.html )〕 Apostasy is a crime punishable by death in the UAE. UAE incorporates hudud crimes of Sharia into its Penal Code - apostasy being one of them.〔Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-Muhairi (1996), (The Islamisation of Laws in the UAE: The Case of the Penal Code ), Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 4 (1996), pp. 350-371〕 Article 1 and Article 66 of UAE's Penal Code requires hudud crimes to be punished with the death penalty,〔〔Al-Muhairi (1997), Conclusion to the Series of Articles on the UAE Penal Law. Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 4〕 therefore apostasy is punishable by death in the UAE. Emirati women must receive permission from male guardian to remarry. The requirement is derived from Sharia, and has been federal law since 2005.〔 In all emirates, it is illegal for Muslim women to marry non-Muslims.〔 In the UAE, a marriage union between a Muslim woman and non-Muslim man is punishable by law, since it is considered a form of "fornication".〔(United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009) )〕 Homosexuality is illegal: the death penalty is one of the punishments for homosexuality. Article 80 of the Abu Dhabi Penal Code makes sodomy punishable with imprisonment of up to 14 years, while article 177 of the Penal Code of Dubai imposes imprisonment of up to 10 years on consensual sodomy. Kissing in public is strictly illegal and can result in deportation. Expats in Dubai have been deported for kissing in public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Women get jail and deportation for kissing on Dubai public beach )〕 More recently in 2010, several expats were deported from Dubai for kissing in public. Article 1 of the Federal Penal Code states that "provisions of the Islamic Law shall apply to the crimes of doctrinal punishment, punitive punishment and blood money."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6385&country=UAE )〕 The Federal Penal Code repealed only those provisions within the penal codes of individual emirates which are contradictory to the Federal Penal Code. Hence, both are enforceable simultaneously.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press2/brib76.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crime in the United Arab Emirates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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